ST. LOUIS — Health officials in Missouri are investigating the state’s first confirmed case of measles this year. A child in Taney County, located in the southwestern part of the state, tested positive for the virus after returning from international travel. The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services is working to identify and contact individuals who may have been exposed.

The case comes amid a backdrop of rising measles cases across the United States, prompting concerns among public health experts and renewed calls for vaccination.

Understanding the Threat: Measles Symptoms and Contagiousness

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. According to SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Pediatric Infectious Disease Physician Dr. Zacharoula Oikonomopoulou,”Regrettably we don’t have any treatment for measles. Its attack rate is close to 90% and this is more than flu and COVID-19.”

One of the challenges in controlling measles outbreaks is its subtle initial presentation. Dr. Oikonomopoulou notes that most people may not immediately recognize the infection: “It’s going to present initially wiht cough that is usually dry, runny nose and watery red eyes.” These symptoms can easily be mistaken for a common cold or other respiratory illnesses.

The tell-tale measles rash, which is a key diagnostic indicator, doesn’t appear immediately. Dr. Oikonomopoulou explains that the rash typically develops within three to five days after the initial symptoms: “(a) rash that is going to start from your head all the way to the bottom, accompanied by a very high fever up to 105 degrees Fahrenheit.”

Adding to the complexity of containing measles is its contagiousness. “It is significant to know that you are contagious four days before to four days after the growth of that rash,” explains Dr. Oikonomopoulou. This means that infected individuals can unknowingly spread the virus before they even realize they have measles.

Recent U.S. Measles Cases and Fatalities

The resurgence of measles in the U.S. is a worrying trend. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported a significant increase in cases in recent years,primarily linked to under-vaccination in certain communities. Globally, measles remains a major public health concern, with large outbreaks occurring in several countries.

The consequences of measles can be severe,especially for young children and individuals with weakened immune systems. Dr. Oikonomopoulou highlights the tragic reality of recent measles-related deaths in the U.S.: “Before these deaths were reported in 2025 and we have two confirmed deaths right now and one that likely was linked to measles, the most recent death was back in 2015.” These deaths underscore the seriousness of the disease and the importance of prevention.

Vaccination: The Key to Measles Prevention

The measles vaccine, typically given as part of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, is highly effective in preventing the disease. The CDC recommends that children receive two doses of the MMR vaccine: the first dose at 12–15 months of age, and the second dose at 4–6 years of age. Adults who are not immune to measles should also get vaccinated.

Dr.oikonomopoulou emphasizes the effectiveness of vaccination: “The most effective way is to be vaccinated with two doses. If you don’t know your vaccination status I woudl urge you to check your records or talk to your healthcare provider.”

Despite the overwhelming scientific evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of the MMR vaccine, misinformation and vaccine hesitancy continue to pose a challenge to public health efforts. Some parents, for example, worry that the vaccine may cause autism. Though, numerous studies have debunked this claim, and there is no scientific evidence linking the MMR vaccine to autism. The original study that sparked this controversy was retracted due to fraudulent data.

Practical Implications and what You Can Do

Given the ongoing measles outbreaks, it’s crucial to take steps to protect yourself and your community. here are some recommendations:

• Check your vaccination status: Ensure that you and your family members are up-to-date on your MMR vaccinations. contact your healthcare provider if you are unsure.
• Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, cover your coughs and sneezes, and avoid close contact with people who are sick.
• Stay informed: Rely on credible sources of data, such as the CDC and your local health department, to stay informed about measles outbreaks and vaccination recommendations.
• If you suspect measles: Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you or a family member develops symptoms of measles, and isolate yourself to prevent further spread.

FAQ: Measles Prevention and Information

What are the early symptoms of measles?

Early symptoms include a dry cough, runny nose, watery red eyes, and fever.

How is measles spread?

Measles is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

How effective is the measles vaccine?

The measles vaccine is highly effective, with two doses providing about 97% protection.

What should I do if I think I have measles?

Contact your healthcare provider immediately and isolate yourself to prevent further spread.

Are there any treatments for measles?

There is no specific treatment for measles; care focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications.