Japanese Encephalitis Virus Detected in Brisbane: what You Need to Know

Brisbane, March 16, 2025 – Following recent extreme weather events, cases of Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) have been detected in Brisbane. Archyde spoke with Dr. Eleanor Vance, a leading virologist at the Queensland Institute for Medical Research, to understand more about the virus and its implications for the community.

Understanding Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Archyde: Dr. Vance, thanks for joining us. Could you start by explaining what Japanese Encephalitis Virus, or JEV, is?

Dr.Vance: Certainly. Japanese Encephalitis Virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. ItS related to viruses like West Nile and St.Louis encephalitis viruses. It was first identified in Japan many years ago and is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus.

Transmission and Risk Factors

Archyde: How does JEV spread,and who is most at risk?

Dr. Vance: the virus primarily spreads through the bite of infected mosquitoes. These mosquitoes typically breed in rice paddies and stagnant water, which we’ve seen an increase in due to the recent flooding.Wading birds and pigs act as amplifying hosts, meaning they can carry the virus and infect mosquitoes that bite them, increasing the cycle of transmission. While anyone can contract JEV, people who live or work in rural areas, particularly those with close proximity to mosquito breeding grounds and pig farms, are at higher risk. Older adults and young children are also more likely to develop severe symptoms if infected.

Symptoms and Prevention of Japanese Encephalitis

Archyde: What are the symptoms of JEV, and what can people do to protect themselves?

Dr. Vance: Many people infected with JEV experience mild or no symptoms. However, in some cases, it can cause severe illness, including encephalitis – inflammation of the brain. Symptoms can include fever, headache, stiff neck, disorientation, seizures, and coma. The best way to protect yourself is to avoid mosquito bites. This includes using insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin, wearing long, loose-fitting clothing, and eliminating standing water around your home. There is also a safe and effective vaccine available, which is recommended for people at high risk of exposure.

The Impact of Climate Change and Extreme Weather

Archyde: How do extreme weather events,like the recent floods,contribute to the spread of JEV?

Dr.Vance: Extreme weather events, especially flooding, create more breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Stagnant water accumulates in various places, providing ideal conditions for mosquito larvae to thrive. This, combined with the displacement of animals, can increase the risk of viral transmission to humans. With climate change leading to more frequent and intense weather events, we need to be more vigilant in our mosquito control efforts and disease surveillance.

Looking ahead: Research and Public Health Response

Archyde: What initiatives are being undertaken to combat the spread of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Queensland?

Dr. Vance: Several initiatives are underway. The Queensland Department of Health is actively monitoring mosquito populations and conducting surveillance for JEV in sentinel animals, such as pigs.They are also implementing mosquito control programs,including spraying and public education campaigns. At the Queensland Institute for Medical Research, we are conducting research to better understand the virus and develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies. we must be proactive in ensuring vulnerable communities are prioritized in preventative vaccine delivery programs.

Archyde: a thought-provoking question for our readers: With the increasing prevalence of vector-borne diseases like Japanese Encephalitis, how can communities better prepare and adapt to these emerging health threats in the face of a changing climate? Share your thoughts in the comments below.